Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum disorder is a Neuro developmental disorder that, at its core, affects how one perceives and socializes with others. It is severely impaired social communication. Restricted and Repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities Symptoms often develop before 36 months of age. Manifests across a wide range of functioning, from individuals who have limited communication skills to those who can converse with others but lack the social pragmatic skills to be able to make and maintain meaningful social relationships.
SYMPTOMS
- From abnormal social approach and failure of normal back and forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions and affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
- From poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communications; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication.
- From difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social context; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play and in making friends; to absence of interest in peers.
- Stereotyped on repetitive motor movements, use of objects or speech.
- Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior.
- Highly restricted, fixated interests those are abnormal in intensity or focus.
- Hyperactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
CAUSES
• Little conclusive data.
• Numerous biological factors.
- Clear genetic component.
- Evidence of brain damage [cognitive deficits] combined with psychosocial influences.
TREATMENTS
• Behavioral focus
- Communication
- Socialization
- Living skills
• Inclusive schooling
• Temporary benefits from medication
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REFERENCE
David H. Barlow, BOSTON UNIVERSITY
V. Mark Durand, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA- ST. PETERSBERG
2. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: 9TH EDITION
Davision G.C., Neale, J.M. and Kring, A.M.
3. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Allov. L.B.: Riskind, J.H. and Manos, M.J.
4. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY AND MODERN LIFE. NY: Harper and Collins. 2000
Carson. R.C. and Butcher. N.J.