Intellectual Disability [Intellectual Developmental Disorder]
Intellectual Disability [ID] is a disorder evident in childhood as significantly below average intellectual and adaptive functioning. People with ID, experience difficulties with day-to-day activities to an extent that reflects both the severity of their cognitive deficits and the type and amount of assistance they receive. DSM-5 identifies difficulties in three domains: Conceptual [e.g. skill deficits in areas such as language, reasoning, knowledge and memory, social [e.g. problems with Social judgment and the ability to make the retain friendship], and practical [e.g. difficulties managing personal care of job responsibilities.]
SYMPTOMS
- Deficits in Intellectual functions
? Reasoning.
? Problem Solving.
? Planning.
? Abstract thinking.
? Judgment.
? Academic learning.
? Learning from experience.
? Standardized intelligence testing.
2. Deficits in adaptive function those results in failure to meet developmental and socio cultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life, such as communication, social participation and independent living, across multiple environments such as home, School, work and community.
3. Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period.
CAUSES
• Hundreds of identified factors
- Genetic
- Prenatal
- Perinatal
- Postnatal
- Environmental
• Nearly 75% of cases cannot be attributed to any Known cause.
TREATMENTS
• No biological intervention.
• Behavioral focus
- Communication
- Socialization
• Living skills
• Prevention
- Genetic Counseling
- Biological Screening
- Maternal Care
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REFERENCE
David H. Barlow, BOSTON UNIVERSITY
V. Mark Durand, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA- ST. PETERSBERG
2. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: 9TH EDITION
Davision G.C., Neale, J.M. and Kring, A.M.
3. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Allov. L.B.: Riskind, J.H. and Manos, M.J.
4. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY AND MODERN LIFE. NY: Harper and Collins. 2000
Carson. R.C. and Butcher. N.J.